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導讀數據庫，簡而言之可視為電子化的文件柜——存儲電子文件的處所，用戶可以對文件中的數據進行新增、截取、更新、刪除等操作。所謂“數據庫”是以一定方式儲存在一起、能與多個用戶共享、具有盡可能小的冗余度、與應...

數據庫，簡而言之可視為電子化的文件柜——存儲電子文件的處所，用戶可以對文件中的數據進行新增、截取、更新、刪除等操作。所謂“數據庫”是以一定方式儲存在一起、能與多個用戶共享、具有盡可能小的冗余度、與應用程序彼此獨立的數據集合。

關于shared pool的設置一直是一個爭議較多的內容.
很多文章上說,shared pool設置過大會帶來額外的管理上的負擔，從而在某些條件下會導致性能的下降.
那么這個管理上的負擔指的是什么內容呢?
本文對這個內容作一定的深入探討.
本文只涉及一個方面,后續的文章將從其他方面繼續討論.
基礎知識:
我們可以通過如下命令轉儲shared pool共享內存的內容:
SQL> alter session set events ’immediate trace name heapdump level 2’;
Session altered.
本測試中引用的兩個trace文件:
9i:
SQL> @gettrcname
TRACE_FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/admin/hsjf/udump/hsjf_ora_24983.trc
8i:
SQL> @gettrcname
TRACE_FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/oracle8/admin/guess/udump/guess_ora_22038.trc
Shared Pool通過free list管理free塊,Free List按不同size劃分Bucket
在Oracle8i中,不同bucket的size范圍如下所示(size顯示的是下邊界):
oracle:/usr/oracle8/admin/guess/udump>cat guess_ora_22038.trc|grep Bucket
Bucket 0 size=44
Bucket 1 size=76
Bucket 2 size=140
Bucket 3 size=268
Bucket 4 size=524
Bucket 5 size=1036
Bucket 6 size=2060
Bucket 7 size=4108
Bucket 8 size=8204
Bucket 9 size=16396
Bucket 10 size=32780

我們注意,在這里，小于76的塊都位于Bucket 0上;大于32780的塊,都在Bucket 10上
初始的,數據庫啟動以后,shared pool多數是連續內存塊
當空間分配使用以后,內存塊開始被分割,碎片開始出現，Bucket列表開始變長
Oracle請求shared pool空間時，首先進入相應的Bucket進行查找
如果找不到,則轉向下一個非空的bucket,獲取第一個chunk
分割這個chunk,剩余部分會進入相應的Bucket,進一步增加碎片
最終的結果是,Bucket 0上的內存塊會越來越多,越來越碎小
(在我這個測試的小型的數據庫上,Bucket 0上的碎片已經達到9030個
而shared_pool_size設置僅為150M)
通常如果每個Bucket上的chunk多余2000個，就被認為是share pool碎片過多
而在大多數情況下,我們請求的都是相對小的chunk,這樣搜索Bucket 0往往消耗了大量的時間以及資源
這可能導致share pool Latch被長時間的持有,導致更多的share pool競爭
所以在Oracle9i之前,如果盲目的增大shared_pool_size或設置過大的shared_pool_size，往往會適得其反

我們看一下Oracle9i中的處理方式:
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Aug 18 22:13:07 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> alter session set events ’immediate trace name heapdump level 2’;
Session altered.
SQL> @gettrcname
TRACE_FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/admin/hsjf/udump/hsjf_ora_24983.trc
SQL>
SQL> !
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ cd $admin
[oracle@jumper udump]$ cat hsjf_ora_24983.trc|grep Bucket
Bucket 0 size=16
Bucket 1 size=20
Bucket 2 size=24
Bucket 3 size=28
Bucket 4 size=32
Bucket 5 size=36
Bucket 6 size=40
Bucket 7 size=44
Bucket 8 size=48
Bucket 9 size=52
Bucket 10 size=56
Bucket 11 size=60
Bucket 12 size=64
[page_break]Bucket 13 size=68
Bucket 14 size=72
Bucket 15 size=76
Bucket 16 size=80
Bucket 17 size=84
Bucket 18 size=88
Bucket 19 size=92
Bucket 20 size=96
Bucket 21 size=100
Bucket 22 size=104
Bucket 23 size=108
Bucket 24 size=112
Bucket 25 size=116
Bucket 26 size=120
Bucket 27 size=124
Bucket 28 size=128
Bucket 29 size=132
Bucket 30 size=136
Bucket 31 size=140
Bucket 32 size=144
Bucket 33 size=148
Bucket 34 size=152
Bucket 35 size=156
Bucket 36 size=160
Bucket 37 size=164
Bucket 38 size=168
Bucket 39 size=172
Bucket 40 size=176
Bucket 41 size=180
Bucket 42 size=184
Bucket 43 size=188
Bucket 44 size=192
Bucket 45 size=196
Bucket 46 size=200
Bucket 47 size=204
Bucket 48 size=208
Bucket 49 size=212
Bucket 50 size=216
Bucket 51 size=220
Bucket 52 size=224
Bucket 53 size=228
Bucket 54 size=232
Bucket 55 size=236
Bucket 56 size=240
Bucket 57 size=244
Bucket 58 size=248
Bucket 59 size=252
Bucket 60 size=256
Bucket 61 size=260
Bucket 62 size=264
Bucket 63 size=268
Bucket 64 size=272
Bucket 65 size=276
Bucket 66 size=280
Bucket 67 size=284
Bucket 68 size=288
Bucket 69 size=292
Bucket 70 size=296
Bucket 71 size=300
Bucket 72 size=304
Bucket 73 size=308
Bucket 74 size=312
Bucket 75 size=316
Bucket 76 size=320
Bucket 77 size=324
Bucket 78 size=328
Bucket 79 size=332
Bucket 80 size=336
Bucket 81 size=340
Bucket 82 size=344
Bucket 83 size=348
Bucket 84 size=352
Bucket 85 size=356
Bucket 86 size=360
Bucket 87 size=364
Bucket 88 size=368
Bucket 89 size=372
Bucket 90 size=376
Bucket 91 size=380
Bucket 92 size=384
Bucket 93 size=388
Bucket 94 size=392
Bucket 95 size=396
Bucket 96 size=400
Bucket 97 size=404
Bucket 98 size=408
Bucket 99 size=412
Bucket 100 size=416
Bucket 101 size=420
Bucket 102 size=424
Bucket 103 size=428
Bucket 104 size=432
Bucket 105 size=436
Bucket 106 size=440
Bucket 107 size=444
Bucket 108 size=448
Bucket 109 size=452
Bucket 110 size=456
Bucket 111 size=460
Bucket 112 size=464
Bucket 113 size=468
Bucket 114 size=472
Bucket 115 size=476
Bucket 116 size=480
Bucket 117 size=484
Bucket 118 size=488
Bucket 119 size=492
Bucket 120 size=496
Bucket 121 size=500
Bucket 122 size=504
Bucket 123 size=508
Bucket 124 size=512
Bucket 125 size=516
Bucket 126 size=520
Bucket 127 size=524
Bucket 128 size=528
Bucket 129 size=532
Bucket 130 size=536
Bucket 131 size=540
Bucket 132 size=544
Bucket 133 size=548
Bucket 134 size=552
Bucket 135 size=556
Bucket 136 size=560
Bucket 137 size=564
Bucket 138 size=568
Bucket 139 size=572
Bucket 140 size=576
Bucket 141 size=580
Bucket 142 size=584
Bucket 143 size=588
Bucket 144 size=592
Bucket 145 size=596
Bucket 146 size=600
Bucket 147 size=604
Bucket 148 size=608
Bucket 149 size=612
Bucket 150 size=616
Bucket 151 size=620
Bucket 152 size=624
Bucket 153 size=628
Bucket 154 size=632
Bucket 155 size=636
Bucket 156 size=640
Bucket 157 size=644
Bucket 158 size=648
Bucket 159 size=652
Bucket 160 size=656
Bucket 161 size=660
Bucket 162 size=664
Bucket 163 size=668
[page_break]Bucket 164 size=672
Bucket 165 size=676
Bucket 166 size=680
Bucket 167 size=684
Bucket 168 size=688
Bucket 169 size=692
Bucket 170 size=696
Bucket 171 size=700
Bucket 172 size=704
Bucket 173 size=708
Bucket 174 size=712
Bucket 175 size=716
Bucket 176 size=720
Bucket 177 size=724
Bucket 178 size=728
Bucket 179 size=732
Bucket 180 size=736
Bucket 181 size=740
Bucket 182 size=744
Bucket 183 size=748
Bucket 184 size=752
Bucket 185 size=756
Bucket 186 size=760
Bucket 187 size=764
Bucket 188 size=768
Bucket 189 size=772
Bucket 190 size=776
Bucket 191 size=780
Bucket 192 size=784
Bucket 193 size=788
Bucket 194 size=792
Bucket 195 size=796
Bucket 196 size=800
Bucket 197 size=804
Bucket 198 size=808
Bucket 199 size=812
Bucket 200 size=876
Bucket 201 size=940
Bucket 202 size=1004
Bucket 203 size=1068
Bucket 204 size=1132
Bucket 205 size=1196
Bucket 206 size=1260
Bucket 207 size=1324
Bucket 208 size=1388
Bucket 209 size=1452
Bucket 210 size=1516
Bucket 211 size=1580
Bucket 212 size=1644
Bucket 213 size=1708
Bucket 214 size=1772
Bucket 215 size=1836
Bucket 216 size=1900
Bucket 217 size=1964
Bucket 218 size=2028
Bucket 219 size=2092
Bucket 220 size=2156
Bucket 221 size=2220
Bucket 222 size=2284
Bucket 223 size=2348
Bucket 224 size=2412
Bucket 225 size=2476
Bucket 226 size=2540
Bucket 227 size=2604
Bucket 228 size=2668
Bucket 229 size=2732
Bucket 230 size=2796
Bucket 231 size=2860
Bucket 232 size=2924
Bucket 233 size=2988
Bucket 234 size=3052
Bucket 235 size=3116
Bucket 236 size=3180
Bucket 237 size=3244
Bucket 238 size=3308
Bucket 239 size=3372
Bucket 240 size=3436
Bucket 241 size=3500
Bucket 242 size=3564
Bucket 243 size=3628
Bucket 244 size=3692
Bucket 245 size=3756
Bucket 246 size=3820
Bucket 247 size=3884
Bucket 248 size=3948
Bucket 249 size=4012
Bucket 250 size=4108
Bucket 251 size=8204
Bucket 252 size=16396
Bucket 253 size=32780
Bucket 254 size=65548
我們看到,在Oracle9i中,Free Lists被劃分為0~254,共255個Bucket每個Bucket容納的size范圍
Bucket 0~199  容納size以    4 遞增
Bucket 200~249 容納size以   64 遞增
從Bucket 249開始,Oracle各Bucket步長進一步增加:
Bucket 249: 4012 ~4107  = 96
Bucket 250: 4108 ~8203  = 4096
Bucket 251: 8204 ~16395 = 8192
Bucket 252: 16396~32779 = 16384
Bucket 253: 32780~65547 = 32768
Bucket 254: >=65548
在Oracle9i中,對于小的chunk,Oracle增加了更多的Bucket來管理0~199共200個Bucket,size以4為步長遞增;200~249共50個Bucket,size以64遞增. 這樣每個Bucket中容納的chunk數量大大減少,查找的效率得以提高. 這就是Oracle9i中shared pool管理的增強,通過這個算法的改進
Oracle8i中,過大shared pool帶來的栓鎖爭用等性能問題在某種程度上得以解決.

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